Antimicrobial agents

Antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine include drugs that inhibit the growth of living cells-microorganisms in the body of an animal or bird. Such common diseases as salmonellosis, poultry pasteurellosis, swine erysipelas, leptospirosis, pneumonia, intestinal disorders, bronchitis, etc. are well amenable to antimicrobial therapy. Broad-spectrum agents, combined drugs with a prolonged effect, which make treatment more effective at lower costs, are in high demand.

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  1. Aminoglycosides – are active against gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli) and are effective in treating diarrhea in piglets, for controlling bacteria in the digestive system;
  2. Cephalosporins (most of these drugs are poorly absorbed from the intestines, so they are administered by injection) - drugs against respiratory diseases;
  3. Macrolides, pleuromutilins and lincosamides – active against gram-positive bacteria, especially against mycoplasma. Tiamulin, tylosin and lincomycin are active against Brachyspira hyodysentiriae – the causative agent of swine dysentery. Chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol) also belongs to this group, but its addition to animal feed is prohibited in some countries. Tiamulin, thymicosin, tylosin and lincomycin are bacteriostatic;
  4. Penicillin are divided into three groups:
  • Penicillin G. benzoate – is administered only as an injection, because it is destroyed in the stomach. It is active against gram-positive bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, causative agents of erysipelas and clostridia), actinobacillosis, hemophilia and leptospirosis. The drug has a long-lasting effect;
  • Phenoxymethylpenicillin (acid-resistant) – administered orally, absorbed from the digestive system and not destroyed by gastric juice;
  • Ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin (semisynthetic). Ampicillin and amoxicillin are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cloxacillin is only effective against gram-positive bacteria.
    All types of penicillin are bactericidal.
  1. Quinolones – these drugs are considered new in veterinary medicine. Enrofloxacin (Baytril) is used to treat pigs. The drugs are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria;
  2. Sulfonamides effective against gram-positive and gram-negative agents, fight chlamydia, toxoplasma and coccidia.
  3. Tetracyclines – derivatives of streptomycin fungi, widely used in veterinary medicine. They include oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are administered against respiratory diseases and secondary bacterial infections.
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